TMOD3 (F9M4D) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody #52405

Tropomodulin-1 (TMOD1) belongs to a conserved family of cytoskeletal proteins (TMOD1-4) that play an important role in modulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics. TMOD proteins function as actin capping proteins, which stabilize actin filaments by inhibiting both elongation and depolymerization (1). While many proteins have been identified that cap the rapidly growing barbed end of actin filaments, TMODs are the only proteins thus far identified that cap the slowly growing pointed end (2). A research study in triple-negative breast cancer cells identified TMOD1 as a target of NF-κB signaling, and showed that increased TMOD1 expression was associated with enhanced tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model (3). Molecular expression of TMOD1 was also identified as part of a unique gene expression signature that could discriminate ALK-negative anaplastic large-cell lymphoma from other malignancy subtypes (4).

TMOD3 is widely expressed and, like other family members, binds tropomyosin and actin filaments (F-actin). This functions in the capping process (5). However, unlike other family members, TMOD3 is also able to bind to actin monomer (6). TMOD3 localizes to the lateral cell membrane in polarized epithelial cells and regulates cell shape (7). Loss of TMOD3 in mice leads to embryonic lethality with an impaired erythroid differential in the fetal liver (8). TMOD3 is uniquely phosphorylated by Akt2 upon insulin stimulation and regulates Glut4 trafficking through actin remodeling (9). Expression of TMOD3 may promote tumor progression, including liver cancer (10). Studies have also found a ferroptosis-related gene signature in lung adenocarcinoma that includes TMOD3 (11).