Citrullinated Histone H3 (Arg2) Matched Antibody Pair #60152

The nucleosome, made up of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4), is the primary building block of chromatin. Histone post-translational modifications, such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and citrullination, influence chromatin accessibility and regulate gene expression (1). Histone citrullination is carried out by protein arginine deiminases (PADs), which convert positively charged arginine residues into neutral citrulline (2). Histone citrullination affects the binding of histone reader proteins to chromatin, and it is associated with both transcriptional activation and repression (3-5). Histone citrullination is also a major marker for NETosis, which is a programmed cell death mechanism carried out by neutrophils (6). Deregulation of NETosis is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus (7,8). Histone hypercitrullination via PAD4 may also play a role in the progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (9-12).