MHC Class II (I-E alpha) (F8N7J) Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (Alexa Fluor^® 647 Conjugate) #49980

Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) molecules are heterodimeric, transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Expression can also be induced on other cell types through interferon-γ signaling (1). Prior to being displayed on the cell membrane, MHC class II molecules are loaded with exogenous peptide antigens approximately 15-24 amino acids in length that were derived from endocytosed extracellular proteins digested in the lysosome (2). Antigen-presentation through MHC class II is required for T cell activation during the immune response to extracellular pathogens (2). In humans, the MHC class II protein complex is encoded by the human leukocyte antigen gene complex (HLA). HLAs corresponding to MHC class II are HLA-DP, HLA-DM, HLA-DOA, HLA-DOB, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DR (3).

In mice, MHC class II molecules are encoded by the H2 gene complex, which includes two main isotypes: I-A and I-E.  I-A and I-E are each composed of an α and β chain. The expression and polymorphism of these molecules vary between mouse strains, influencing immune responses, disease susceptibility, and compatibility in transplantation models (4). MHC Class II (I-Eα) pairs with the I-Eβ chain to form a heterodimer that is essential for antigen presentation to CD4⁺ T cells. MHC Class II (I-Eα) expression is strain-dependent, making it a valuable marker in immunology and transplantation studies (5,6).