Spike Glycoprotein Antibodies

Target Information

Spike glycoprotein is Cleaved into 3 chains: Spike protein S1, Spike protein S2, Spike protein S2'. Spike protein S1: attaches the virion to the cell membrane by interacting with host receptor, initiating the infection. Binding to human ACE2 and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR receptors and internalization of the virus into the endosomes of the host cell induces conformational changes in the S glycoprotein. Proteolysis by cathepsin CTSL may unmask the fusion peptide of S2 and activate membranes fusion within endosomes. Spike protein S2: mediates fusion of the virion and cellular membranes by acting as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least three conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Spike protein S2': Acts as a viral fusion peptide which is unmasked following S2 cleavage occurring upon virus endocytosis. Homotrimer; each monomer consists of a S1 and a S2 subunit. The resulting peplomers protrude from the virus surface as spikes. Binds to human and palm civet ACE2 and human CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR. Interacts with the accessory proteins 3a and 7a. Belongs to the betacoronaviruses spike protein family. Note: This description may include information from UniProtKB.

Alternate Names

2019-nCoV surface glycoprotein; E2; E2 glycoprotein precursor; omicron variant spike protein; Peplomer protein; S glycoprotein; SARS-CoV spike protein; SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; sars2; spike glycoprotein; SPIKE_CVHSA; SPIKE_SARS2; surface glycoprotein