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4075
Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate)
抗体偶联物
单克隆抗体
R
Recombinant

Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate) #4075

Citations (90)
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Flow cytometric analysis of Jurkat cells, untreated (green) or treated with LY294002 #9901, Wortmannin #9951, and U0126 #9903 (50 μM, 1 μM, and 10 μM, 2 hr; blue) using Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate) (solid lines) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate) #2985 (dashed line).
To Purchase # 4075S
Cat. # Size Price Inventory
4075S
100 µl  (50 tests)

Supporting Data

REACTIVITY H M R Hm Mk Dm Z B
SENSITIVITY Endogenous
MW (kDa)
Source/Isotype Rabbit IgG

Application Key:

  • WB-Western Blot
  • IP-Immunoprecipitation
  • IHC-Immunohistochemistry
  • ChIP-Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • C&R-CUT&RUN
  • C&T-CUT&Tag
  • DB-Dot Blot
  • eCLIP-eCLIP
  • IF-Immunofluorescence
  • F-Flow Cytometry

Species Cross-Reactivity Key:

  • H-Human
  • M-Mouse
  • R-Rat
  • Hm-Hamster
  • Mk-Monkey
  • Vir-Virus
  • Mi-Mink
  • C-Chicken
  • Dm-D. melanogaster
  • X-Xenopus
  • Z-Zebrafish
  • B-Bovine
  • Dg-Dog
  • Pg-Pig
  • Sc-S. cerevisiae
  • Ce-C. elegans
  • Hr-Horse
  • GP-Guinea Pig
  • Rab-Rabbit
  • All-All Species Expected

Product Description

This Cell Signaling Technology antibody is conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 647 fluorescent dye and tested in-house for direct flow cytometric analysis of human cells. The unconjugated antibody #4060 reacts with human, mouse, rat, hamster, bovine, D. melanogaster and zebra fish Phospho-Akt protein. CST expects that Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate) will also recognize Phospho-Akt in these species.

Product Usage Information

Application Dilution
Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) 1:50

Storage

Supplied in PBS (pH 7.2), less than 0.1% sodium azide and 2 mg/ml BSA. Store at 4°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protect from light. Do not freeze.

Protocol

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Flow Cytometry, Methanol Permeabilization Protocol for Directly Conjugated Antibodies

A. Solutions and Reagents

All reagents required for this protocol may be efficiently purchased together in our Intracellular Flow Cytometry Kit (Methanol) #13593, or individually using the catalog numbers listed below.

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.

  1. 1X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): To prepare 1 L 1X PBS: add 100 ml 10X PBS (#12528) to 900 ml water mix.
  2. 4% Formaldehyde, Methanol-Free (#47746)
  3. 100% Methanol (#13604): Chill before use
  4. Antibody Dilution Buffer: Purchase ready-to-use Flow Cytometry Antibody Dilution Buffer (#13616), or prepare a 0.5% BSA PBS buffer by dissolving 0.5 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (#9998) in 100 ml 1X PBS. Store at 4°C.

NOTE: When including fluorescent cellular dyes in your experiment (including viability dyes, DNA dyes, etc.), please refer to the dye product page for the recommended protocol. Visit www.cellsignal.com for a full listing of cellular dyes validated for use in flow cytometry.

B. Fixation

NOTE: Adherent cells or tissue should be dissociated and in single-cell suspension prior to fixation.

NOTE: Optimal centrifugation conditions will vary depending upon cell type and reagent volume. Generally, 150-300g for 1-5 minutes will be sufficient to pellet the cells.

NOTE: If using whole blood, lyse red blood cells and wash by centrifugation prior to fixation.

NOTE: Antibodies targeting CD markers or other extracellular proteins may be added prior to fixation if the epitope is disrupted by formaldehyde and/or methanol. The antibodies will remain bound to the target of interest during the fixation and permeabilization process. However, note that some fluorophores (including PE and APC) are damaged by methanol and thus should not be added prior to permeabilization. Conduct a small-scale experiment if you are unsure.

  1. Pellet cells by centrifugation and remove supernatant.
  2. Resuspend cells in approximately 100 µl 4% formaldehyde per 1 million cells. Mix well to dissociate pellet and prevent cross-linking of individual cells.
  3. Fix for 15 min at room temperature (20-25°C).
  4. Wash by centrifugation with excess 1X PBS. Discard supernatant in appropriate waste container. Resuspend cells in 0.5-1 ml 1X PBS. Proceed to Permeabilization step.
    1. Alternatively, cells may be stored overnight at 4°C in 1X PBS.

C. Permeabilization

  1. Permeabilize cells by adding ice-cold 100% methanol slowly to pre-chilled cells, while gently vortexing, to a final concentration of 90% methanol.
  2. Permeabilize for a minimum of 10 min on ice.
  3. Proceed with immunostaining (Section D) or store cells at -20°C in 90% methanol.

D. Immunostaining

NOTE: Count cells using a hemocytometer or alternative method.

  1. Aliquot desired number of cells into tubes or wells. (Generally, 5x105 to 1x106 cells per assay.)
  2. Wash cells by centrifugation in excess 1X PBS to remove methanol. Discard supernatant in appropriate waste container. Repeat if necessary.
  3. Resuspend cells in 100 µl of diluted primary antibody, prepared in Antibody Dilution Buffer at a recommended dilution or as determined via titration.
  4. Incubate for 1 hr at room temperature. Protect from light.
  5. Wash by centrifugation in Antibody Dilution Buffer or 1X PBS. Discard supernatant. Repeat.
  6. Resuspend cells in 200-500 µl of 1X PBS and analyze on flow cytometer.

posted July 2009

revised June 2020

实验步骤编号:407

特异性/灵敏度

仅当 Akt 在 Ser473 位点被磷酸化时,Phospho-Akt (Ser473) (D9E) XP® Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 647 Conjugate) 才能检测出内源水平的 Akt 。

物种反应性:

人, 小鼠, 大鼠, 仓鼠 , 猴, 黑腹果蝇 , 斑马鱼 , 牛

基于 100% 序列同源性预测发生反应的物种:

鸡 , 非洲爪蟾蜍, 犬 , 猪

来源/纯化

使用与人 Akt 的 Ser473 周围残基相对应的合成磷酸肽,对动物进行免疫接种来产生单克隆抗体。该抗体在最合适的条件下偶联 Alexa Fluor® 647,其中 F/P 比值为 2-6。红光(如 633 nm 氦氖激光)可最大程度刺激 Alexa Fluor® 647 染料。Alexa Fluor® 647染料的抗体接合物会产生明亮的远红外荧光发射,峰值为 665 nm。

背景

Akt 也称作 PKB 或 Rac,在控制细胞存活和凋亡中发挥至关重要作用 (1-3)。这种蛋白激酶由胰岛素和多种生长和存活因子激活,并在涉及 PI3 激酶的 wortmannin 敏感通路中发挥作用 (2,3)。通过磷脂结合过程并由 PDK1 在 Thr308 位点磷酸化激活环 (4) ,以及通过羧基末端内部 Ser473 处的磷酸化激活 Akt。曾经功能难以捉摸的 PDK2 可在 Ser473 处磷酸化 Akt ,它被鉴定为在含 rictor 和 Sin1 的雷帕霉素中的非敏感复合体中哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶标 (mTOR) (5,6)。Akt 通过磷酸化和失活几种靶标(包括 Bad (7)、叉头转录因子 (8)、c-Raf (9) 和 caspase-9)而抑制凋亡,进而促进细胞存活。PTEN 磷酸酶是 PI3K/Akt 信号转导通路的主要负向调节分子 (10)。LY294002 是特异性 PI3 激酶抑制剂 (11)。Akt 的另一个主要功能是通过磷酸化和失活 GSK-3α 和 β 调节糖原合成 (12,13)。Akt 还可以在胰岛素刺激转运葡萄糖中发挥作用 (12)。除其在存活和糖原合成中的作用外,Akt 还通过防止 GSK-3β 介导的磷酸化和周期蛋白 D1 降解 (14) 并通过负向调节周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制蛋白 p27 Kip1 (15) 和 p21 Waf1/Cip1 (16) 来参与细胞周期调节。Akt 还通过直接磷酸化含有 raptor 的雷帕霉素敏感性复合体中的 mTOR,在细胞生长中发挥至关重要作用 (17)。更重要的是,Akt 磷酸化并失活结节蛋白 (TSC2)(在 mTOR-raptor 复合体中 mTOR 的抑制分子)(18,19)。

  1. Franke, T.F. et al. (1997) Cell 88, 435-7.
  2. Burgering, B.M. and Coffer, P.J. (1995) Nature 376, 599-602.
  3. Franke, T.F. et al. (1995) Cell 81, 727-36.
  4. Alessi, D.R. et al. (1996) EMBO J 15, 6541-51.
  5. Sarbassov, D.D. et al. (2005) Science 307, 1098-101.
  6. Jacinto, E. et al. (2006) Cell 127, 125-37.
  7. Cardone, M.H. et al. (1998) Science 282, 1318-21.
  8. Brunet, A. et al. (1999) Cell 96, 857-68.
  9. Zimmermann, S. and Moelling, K. (1999) Science 286, 1741-4.
  10. Cantley, L.C. and Neel, B.G. (1999) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96, 4240-5.
  11. Vlahos, C.J. et al. (1994) J Biol Chem 269, 5241-8.
  12. Hajduch, E. et al. (2001) FEBS Lett 492, 199-203.
  13. Cross, D.A. et al. (1995) Nature 378, 785-9.
  14. Diehl, J.A. et al. (1998) Genes Dev 12, 3499-511.
  15. Gesbert, F. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 39223-30.
  16. Zhou, B.P. et al. (2001) Nat Cell Biol 3, 245-52.
  17. Navé, B.T. et al. (1999) Biochem J 344 Pt 2, 427-31.
  18. Inoki, K. et al. (2002) Nat Cell Biol 4, 648-57.
  19. Manning, B.D. et al. (2002) Mol Cell 10, 151-62.

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