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65705
GITR (D5V7P) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate)
抗体偶联物
单克隆抗体
R
Recombinant

GITR (D5V7P) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #65705

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  1. IF
  2. F
Confocal immunofluorescent analysis of HuT 102 cells (left, positive) and Jurkat cells (right, negative) using GITR (D5V7P) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) (green). Actin filaments were labeled with Alexa Fluor® 647 Phalloidin #8940 (red). Samples were mounted in ProLong® Gold Antifade Reagent with DAPI #8961 (blue).
Flow cytometric analysis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, untreated (left column) or treated with anti-CD3 (10 μg/ml, 72 hr) and anti-CD28 (5 μg/ml, 72 hr) (right column), using GITR (D5V7P) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) (top row) or concentration-matched Rabbit (DA1E) mAb IgG XP® Isotype Control (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) #2975 (bottom row), and co-stained with CD3 (UCHT1) Mouse mAb (APC Conjugate) #19881.
To Purchase # 65705S
Cat. # Size Price Inventory
65705S
100 µl  (50 tests)

Supporting Data

REACTIVITY H
SENSITIVITY Endogenous
MW (kDa)
Source/Isotype Rabbit IgG

Application Key:

  • WB-Western Blot
  • IP-Immunoprecipitation
  • IHC-Immunohistochemistry
  • ChIP-Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • C&R-CUT&RUN
  • C&T-CUT&Tag
  • DB-Dot Blot
  • eCLIP-eCLIP
  • IF-Immunofluorescence
  • F-Flow Cytometry

Species Cross-Reactivity Key:

  • H-Human
  • M-Mouse
  • R-Rat
  • Hm-Hamster
  • Mk-Monkey
  • Vir-Virus
  • Mi-Mink
  • C-Chicken
  • Dm-D. melanogaster
  • X-Xenopus
  • Z-Zebrafish
  • B-Bovine
  • Dg-Dog
  • Pg-Pig
  • Sc-S. cerevisiae
  • Ce-C. elegans
  • Hr-Horse
  • GP-Guinea Pig
  • Rab-Rabbit
  • All-All Species Expected

Product Description

This Cell Signaling Technology antibody is conjugated to Alexa Fluor® 488 fluorescent dye and tested in-house for direct flow cytometric and immunofluorescent analysis in human cells. This antibody is expected to exhibit the same species cross-reactivity as the unconjugated GITR (D5V7P) Rabbit mAb #10419.

Product Usage Information

Application Dilution
Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry) 1:100 - 1:400
Flow Cytometry (Fixed/Permeabilized) 1:50
Flow Cytometry (Live) 1:50

Storage

Supplied in PBS (pH 7.2), less than 0.1% sodium azide and 2 mg/ml BSA. Store at 4°C. Do not aliquot the antibody. Protect from light. Do not freeze.

Protocol

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Immunofluorescence (Immunocytochemistry)

A. Solutions and Reagents

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.

  1. 20X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): (9808) To prepare 1L 1X PBS: add 50 ml 20X PBS to 950 ml dH2O, mix. Adjust pH to 8.0.
  2. Formaldehyde: 16%, methanol free, Polysciences, Inc. (cat# 18814), use fresh and store opened vials at 4°C in dark, dilute in 1X PBS for use.
  3. Blocking Buffer (1X PBS / 5% normal goat serum (#5425) / 0.3% Triton™ X-100): To prepare 10 ml: add 0.5 ml normal goat serum and 0.5 ml 20X PBS to 9.0 ml dH2O, mix. While stirring, add 30 µl Triton™ X-100.
  4. Antibody Dilution Buffer: (1X PBS / 1% BSA / 0.3% Triton™ X-100): To prepare 10 ml, add 30 µl Triton™ X-100 to 10 ml 1X PBS. Mix well then add 0.1 g BSA (#9998), mix.
  5. Prolong® Gold AntiFade Reagent (#9071), Prolong® Gold AntiFade Reagent with DAPI (#8961).

B. Specimen Preparation - Cultured Cell Lines (IF-IC)

NOTE: Cells should be grown, treated, fixed and stained directly in multi-well plates, chamber slides or on coverslips.

  1. Aspirate liquid, then cover cells to a depth of 2–3 mm with 4% formaldehyde diluted in 1X PBS.

    NOTE: Formaldehyde is toxic, use only in a fume hood.

  2. Allow cells to fix for 15 min at room temperature.
  3. Aspirate fixative, rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 min each.
  4. Proceed with Immunostaining (Section C).

C. Immunostaining

NOTE: All subsequent incubations should be carried out at room temperature unless otherwise noted in a humid light-tight box or covered dish/plate to prevent drying and fluorochrome fading.

  1. Block specimen in Blocking Buffer for 60 min.
  2. While blocking, prepare primary antibody by diluting as indicated on product webpage in Antibody Dilution Buffer.
  3. Aspirate blocking solution, apply diluted primary antibody.
  4. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
  5. Rinse three times in 1X PBS for 5 min each.
  6. Coverslip slides with Prolong® Gold Antifade Reagent (#9071) or Prolong® Gold Antifade Reagent with DAPI (#8961).
  7. For best results, allow mountant to cure overnight at room temperature. For long-term storage, store slides flat at 4°C protected from light.

posted November 2006

revised November 2013

Protocol Id: 182

Flow Cytometry Triton™ X-100 Permeabilization Protocol for Directly Conjugated Antibodies

A. Solutions and Reagents

All reagents required for this protocol may be efficiently purchased together in our Intracellular Flow Cytometry Kit (Triton™ X-100) #51995, or individually using the catalog numbers listed below.

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.

  1. 1X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): To prepare 1 L 1X PBS: add 100 ml 10X PBS (#12528) to 900 ml water, mix.
  2. 4% Formaldehyde, Methanol-Free (#47746)
  3. Cell Permeabilization Buffer: Purchase ready-to-use (#39487) or to prepare 10 ml, add 30 µl Triton™ X-100 to 10 ml Antibody Dilution Buffer. Store at 4°C.
  4. Antibody Dilution Buffer: Purchase ready-to-use Flow Cytometry Antibody Dilution Buffer (#13616), or to prepare 100 ml dissolve 0.5 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (#9998) in 100 ml 1X PBS. Store at 4°C.

NOTE: When including fluorescent cellular dyes in your experiment (including viability dyes, DNA dyes, etc.), please refer to the dye product page for the recommended protocol. Visit www.cellsignal.com for a full listing of cellular dyes validated for use in flow cytometry.

B. Fixation and Permeabilization

NOTE: Adherent cells or tissue should be dissociated and in single-cell suspension prior to fixation.

NOTE: Optimal centrifugation conditions will vary depending upon cell type and reagent volume. Generally, 150-300g for 1-5 minutes will be sufficient to pellet the cells.

NOTE: If using whole blood, lyse red blood cells and wash by centrifugation prior to fixation.

NOTE: Antibodies targeting CD markers or other extracellular proteins may be added prior to fixation if the epitope is disrupted by formaldehyde and/or Triton™ X-100. The antibodies will remain bound to the target of interest during the fixation and permeabilization process. Conduct a small-scale experiment if you are unsure.

  1. Pellet cells by centrifugation and remove supernatant.
  2. Resuspend cells in approximately 100 µl 4% formaldehyde per 1 million cells. Mix well to dissociate pellet and prevent cross-linking of individual cells.
  3. Fix for 15 min at room temperature (20-25°C).
  4. Wash by centrifugation with excess 1X PBS. Discard supernatant in appropriate waste container.
  5. Resuspend cells in approximately 100 µl Cell Permeabilization Buffer per million cells.
  6. Incubate for 10 minutes at room temperature.
  7. Proceed with staining or store cells at 4°C in PBS overnight.

C. Immunostaining

NOTE: Count cells using a hemocytometer or alternative method.

  1. Aliquot desired number of cells into tubes or wells. (Generally, 5x105 to 1x106 cells per assay).
  2. Centrifuge cells and discard supernatant.
  3. Resuspend cells in 100 µl of diluted antibody conjugates, prepared in Antibody Dilution Buffer at a recommended dilution or as determined via titration.
  4. Incubate for 1 hr at room temperature (20-25°C). Protect from light.
  5. Wash by centrifugation in Antibody Dilution Buffer or 1X PBS. Discard supernatant. Repeat.
  6. Resuspend cells in 1X PBS and analyze on flow cytometer.

posted January 2017

revised June 2020

Protocol Id: 1344

Flow Cytometry, Live Cell Protocol for Directly Conjugated Antibodies

A. Solutions and Reagents

NOTE: Prepare solutions with reverse osmosis deionized (RODI) or equivalent grade water.

  1. 1X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS): To prepare 1 L 1X PBS: add 100 ml 10X PBS (#12528) to 900 ml water, mix.
  2. Antibody Dilution Buffer: Purchase ready-to-use Flow Cytometry Antibody Dilution Buffer (#13616), or prepare a 0.5% BSA PBS buffer by dissolving 0.5 g Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) (#9998) in 100 ml 1X PBS. Store at 4°C.

NOTE: When including fluorescent cellular dyes in your experiment (including viability dyes, DNA dyes, etc.), please refer to the dye product page for the recommended protocol. Visit www.cellsignal.com for a full listing of cellular dyes validated for use in flow cytometry.

B. Immunostaining

NOTE: Count cells using a hemocytometer or alternative method.

NOTE: If using whole blood, lyse red blood cells and wash by centrifugation prior to immunostaining.

NOTE: Human Fc receptors cross-react with rabbit IgG. When cells of interest express high levels of Fc receptor protein (for example, macrophage/monocyte lineages), pre-incubate live cells with human Fc block prior to immunostaining with rabbit antibodies.

NOTE: Optimal centrifugation conditions will vary depending upon cell type and reagent volume. Generally, 150-300g for 1-5 minutes will be sufficient to pellet the cells.

  1. Aliquot desired number of cells into tubes or wells. (Generally, 5x105 to 1x106 cells per assay.)
  2. Pellet cells by centrifugation and remove supernatant.
  3. Resuspend cells in 100 µl of diluted primary antibody, prepared in Antibody Dilution Buffer at a recommended dilution or as determined via titration.
  4. Incubate for 30 min to 1 hr on ice. Protect from light.
  5. Wash by centrifugation in Antibody Dilution Buffer. Discard supernatant. Repeat.
  6. Resuspend cells in 200-500 µl of Antibody Dilution Buffer and analyze on flow cytometer.

posted June 2017

revised January 2022

Protocol Id: 1504

Specificity / Sensitivity

GITR (D5V7P) Rabbit mAb (Alexa Fluor® 488 Conjugate) recognizes endogenous levels of total GITR protein.

Species Reactivity:

Human

Source / Purification

Monoclonal antibody is produced by immunizing animals with recombinant protein specific to the amino terminus of human GITR protein.

Background

TNFRSF18, also known as glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor-receptor (TNFR)-related protein (GITR) and activation-inducible TNFR family receptor, encodes a type 1 membrane protein of the TNF-receptor superfamily (1). Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported (2). GITR is an immune cell co-stimulatory receptor expressed constitutively at high levels on CD4+ CD25+ T regulatory cells (Tregs), at low levels on naïve and memory T cells, and is induced upon T cell activation (3-5). Studies show GITR can also be induced on NK cells, macrophages, and DCs (3,4,6). Although GITR does not have intrinsic enzymatic activity, TNFSF18 (also known as GITRL) expressed on antigen presenting cells binds to GITR, resulting in recruitment of TNFR-associated factor family members and activation of the NF-κB pathway in T cells (7). GITR ligation has been shown to play a role in CD8+ T cell activation, cytotoxicity, and memory T cell survival (8-10). In the thymus, GITR is thought to play a key role in dominant immunological self-tolerance through thymic Treg differentiation and expansion (11). Of note, GITR ligation inhibits Treg suppressive function (12-13) and promotes effector T cell resistance to Treg suppression (14-15). Due to the combined effects on both Treg suppression and effector cell activation, GITR represents a unique opportunity for immunotherapeutic intervention in cancer (16).

  1. Nocentini, G. et al. (1997) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 94, 6216-21.
  2. Nocentini, G. et al. (2000) Cell Death Differ 7, 408-10.
  3. Shimizu, J. et al. (2002) Nat Immunol 3, 135-42.
  4. Nocentini, G. and Riccardi, C. (2009) Adv Exp Med Biol 647, 156-73.
  5. McHugh, R.S. et al. (2002) Immunity 16, 311-23.
  6. Hanabuchi, S. et al. (2006) Blood 107, 3617-23.
  7. Snell, L.M. et al. (2011) Immunol Rev 244, 197-217.
  8. Ronchetti, S. et al. (2007) J Immunol 179, 5916-26.
  9. Kim, I.K. et al. (2015) Nat Med 21, 1010-7.
  10. Snell, L.M. et al. (2012) J Immunol 188, 5915-23.
  11. Petrillo, M.G. et al. (2015) Autoimmun Rev 14, 117-26.
  12. Kanamaru, F. et al. (2004) J Immunol 172, 7306-14.
  13. Valzasina, B. et al. (2005) Blood 105, 2845-51.
  14. Stephens, G.L. et al. (2004) J Immunol 173, 5008-20.
  15. Nishikawa, H. et al. (2008) Cancer Res 68, 5948-54.
  16. Knee, D.A. et al. (2016) Eur J Cancer 67, 1-10.

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For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
This product is provided under an intellectual property license from Life Technologies Corporation. The transfer of this product is conditioned on the buyer using the purchased product solely in research conducted by the buyer, excluding contract research or any fee for service research, and the buyer must not (1) use this product or its components for (a) diagnostic, therapeutic or prophylactic purposes; (b) testing, analysis or screening services, or information in return for compensation on a per-test basis; or (c) manufacturing or quality assurance or quality control, and/or (2) sell or transfer this product or its components for resale, whether or not resold for use in research. For information on purchasing a license to this product for purposes other than as described above, contact Life Technologies Corporation, 5791 Van Allen Way, Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA or [email protected].
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