PELP1 Antibody #13783

The transcription factor proline, glutamic acid, and leucine rich protein 1 (PELP1, MNAR) mediates cell signaling through direct interaction with hormone nuclear receptors to regulate target gene transcription. This versatile protein also regulates gene expression by participating in chromatin remodeling, and acts as a cytoplasmic scaffold protein to mediate growth factor and hormone signaling (1). Following its original description as an estrogen receptor α (ERα) coactivator (2), additional research showed that PELP1 corepresses multiple nuclear hormone receptors and transcriptional regulators, including progesterone receptor, glucocorticoid receptor, AP1, and Stat3 (3). PELP1 also acts cooperatively with the secondary coactivator CARM1 at ERα target gene promoters to increase ERα-mediated transactivation (4). The PELP1 protein contains several leucine-rich repeats, important for interaction with nuclear receptors, and a carboxy-terminal glutamic acid-rich domain responsible for histone protein interaction (2). The glutamic acid-rich region of PELP1 binds to hypoacetylated histones H3 and H4 to block interaction between histone proteins and acetyltransferases. This interaction maintains histones in a hypoacetylated state and suppresses serum-response gene activation. Interaction between PELP1 and ERα relieves this repression and promotes acetylation of histone proteins (3).

Research studies demonstrate altered regulation of PELP1 in several distinct hormone-dependent cancers, such as ovarian, breast, and prostate cancers (5-7). As a result, PELP1 may be a promising prognostic marker for hormone-dependent cancers, and inhibiting PELP1 expression or activity may prove beneficial in disrupting hormonal cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis (8).