Background
Axitinib is a selective inhibitor of VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-kit tyrosine kinases. Researchers performing cellular phosphorylation assays have shown that axitinib very potently inhibits VEGF-1, -2, and -3 with IC50 values of approximately 1.2 nM, 0.2 nM, and 0.1-0.3 nM, respectively. It also effectively inhibits PDGF-α (IC50 = 5.0 nM), PDGF-β (IC50 = 1.6 nM), and c-kit (IC50 = 1.7 nM) (1). Axitinib exhibits little activity against a variety of off-target protein kinases when used at 1 µM (1). It inhibits VEGF-induced endothelial cell proliferation, survival, and tube formation, as well as phosphorylation of downstream targets Akt, eNOS, and ERK1/2 in a dose-dependent manner (1). Research studies demonstrate that axitinib suppresses T cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner through G2/M mitotic arrest, while apoptosis is largely prevented though stabilization of Mcl-1 and inactivation of caspase-9 (2). Axitinib has been shown to reduce both hypoxic-induced tissue permeability and overexpression/secretion of VEGF and PDGF in HUVE and RPE cells, as well as alter junction protein expression (3).
Molecular Formula
C22H18N4OS
Molecular Weight
386.47 g/mol
Purity
>99%
CAS
319460-85-0
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO at 33mg/ml and EtOH at 1.7mg/ml.
Storage
Directions for Use
Axitinib is supplied as a lyophilized powder. For a 10 mM stock, reconstitute the 5 mg in 1.29 ml DMSO. Working concentrations and length of treatment can vary depending on the desired effect, but it is typically used as a pretreatment at 1-1000 nM for 0.5-2 hr prior to treating with a stimulator. It can also be used alone, with varying treatment times lasting up to 72 hr.
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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