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Product Information
Product Usage Information
CST recommends transfection with 100 nM SignalSilence® PKD2 siRNA I 48 to 72 hours prior to cell lysis. For transfection procedure, follow protocol provided by the transfection reagent manufacturer. Please feel free to contact CST with any questions on use.
Each vial contains the equivalent of 100 transfections, which corresponds to a final siRNA concentration of 100 nM per transfection in a 24-well plate with a total volume of 300 μl per well.
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Product Description
Background
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is one of three members of the protein kinase D family, including PKD1/PKCμ and PKD3/PKCν, that belong to the calcium/calmodulin superfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases (1,2). PKDs contain a conserved, carboxy-terminal catalytic domain, an amino-terminal regulatory region hallmarked by a PH domain that coordinates subcellular localization, and two zinc-finger/C1 lipid-binding domains that mediate activation of the enzyme in response to diacylglycerol (DAG) or phorbol ester (2,3). In addition to lipid-mediated activation, PKD catalytic activity can also be stimulated via phosphorylation of critical serine residues within the activation loop of the enzyme (4-8). Novel PKCs, such as PKCη and PKCε, have been shown to phosphorylate PKD1 at Ser744 and Ser748 (Ser706 and Ser710 in human PKD2), resulting in alleviation of autoinhibition of the enzyme mediated by PH domain interactions with the catalytic domain (5). Phosphorylation and activation of PKD isoforms has also been described for other upstream kinases. For example, casein kinase 2 (CK2) has been shown to phosphorylate PKD2 at Ser244, which promotes nuclear accumulation of PKD2, phosphorylation of HDAC7, and expression of Nur77 (9). Although only a handfull of PKD2 effectors have been identified, PKD2 has been implicated in regulating an array of cellular events, including cell survival, development, growth, migration, and transformation (10-14). PKD2-mediated phosphorylation of at least one known substrate, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase type IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ), also implicates PKD2 in the formation and regulation of exocytotic transport vesicles from the trans Golgi network (15).
- Rykx, A. et al. (2003) FEBS Lett 546, 81-6.
- Sturany, S. et al. (2001) J Biol Chem 276, 3310-8.
- Chen, J. et al. (2008) Biochem J 411, 333-42.
- Zugaza, J.L. et al. (1996) EMBO J 15, 6220-30.
- Waldron, R.T. et al. (2001) J Biol Chem 276, 32606-15.
- Waldron, R.T. and Rozengurt, E. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 154-63.
- Sinnett-Smith, J. et al. (2009) J Biol Chem 284, 13434-45.
- Konopatskaya, O. et al. (2011) Blood, Epub ahead of print.
- von Blume, J. et al. (2007) EMBO J 26, 4619-33.
- Mihailovic, T. et al. (2004) Cancer Res 64, 8939-44.
- Irie, A. et al. (2006) Int Immunol 18, 1737-47.
- Sinnett-Smith, J. et al. (2007) J Cell Physiol 211, 781-90.
- Hao, Q. et al. (2009) J Biol Chem 284, 799-806.
- Kleger, A. et al. (2011) PLoS One 6, e14599.
- Pusapati, G.V. et al. (2010) Mol Biol Cell 21, 1011-22.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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