One-Carbon Metabolism Antibody Sampler Kit

Background

One-carbon metabolism includes various enzymatic reactions involving the transfer of one-carbon groups mediated by folate cofactor (1). The activated one-carbon groups are used by various metabolic pathways, including purine synthesis, thymidine synthesis, and remethylation of homocysteine to methionine (1). S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 (AHCYL1) is a member of the S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase family, which participates in the metabolism of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (2). Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is a key enzyme involved in sulfur amino acid metabolism as it catalyzes the formation of cystathionine from serine and homocysteine (3,4). Cystathionine γ-lyase (CGL) is an enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway, a route in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids (5). Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), a key enzyme in one-carbon metabolism, catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (1). 5-methyltetrahydrofolate donates its methyl group for remethylation of homocysteine to methionine (1). Methionine is further converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a major reactive methyl carrier (1). NADP+ dependent methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1-like (MTHFD1L) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the production of formate from 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate in one-carbon flow from mitochondria to cytoplasm (6,7). MTHFD2 is a bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase involved in mitochondrial folate metabolism (8). Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) is a cytoplasmic serine hydroxylmethyltransferase (9,10). It catalyzes the conversion of serine to glycine with the transfer of β-carbon from serine to tetrahydrofolate (THF) to form 5, 10-methylene-THF (9, 10). The methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) is an essential step in the formation of thymine nucleotides, a process catalyzed by thymidylate synthase (TS or TYMS) (11-13).