WB
H
Endogenous
40-45
Rabbit
#Q86UL3
137964
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of human GPAT4 protein. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) catalyze the first step in the de novo synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipids by converting glycerol-3-phosphate to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) (1). The GPAT family consists of four family members: two mitochondrial proteins (GPAT1 and GPAT2) and two microsomal proteins (GPAT3 and GPAT4). Each can differ in tissue expression, regulation, and physiological and pathophysiological roles (2). The microsomal proteins GPAT3 and GPAT4 were originally designated as AGPAT8 and AGPAT6, respectively. 1-acyl-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT) catalyzes the subsequent reaction converting LPA to phosphatidic acid. The genes were renamed to GPAT3 and GPAT4 upon elucidation of GPAT activity (3,4). Both GPAT3 and GPAT4 are expressed in adipose tissue, but GPAT3 is highly induced during adipocyte differentiation (4). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) preferentially expresses GPAT4 (5). GPAT3 and GPAT4 may also be phosphorylated in response to insulin treatment to increase GPAT activity (6). Accumulation of saturated LPA produced by GPAT4 at the ER-mitochondrial contact site can inhibit autophagy through the abnormal formation of omegasomes, which are precursors to the autophagosome (7). Glycerolipid synthesis by GPAT3 and GPAT4 can also regulate activation of macrophages (8).
- Yamashita, A. et al. (2014) Biology (Basel) 3, 801-30.
- Karasawa, K. et al. (2019) Int J Mol Sci 20, 964. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040964.
- Chen, Y.Q. et al. (2008) J Biol Chem 283, 10048-57.
- Cao, J. et al. (2006) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103, 19695-700.
- Cooper, D.E. et al. (2015) J Biol Chem 290, 15112-20.
- Shan, D. et al. (2010) J Lipid Res 51, 1971-81.
- Shiozaki, Y. et al. (2020) iScience 23, 101105.
- Quiroga, I.Y. et al. (2019) Biochem J 476, 85-99.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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