WB, W-S
H M R Mk
Endogenous
65 to 75
Rabbit
#P04049
5894
Product Information
Product Usage Information
| Application | Dilution |
|---|---|
| Western Blotting | 1:1000 |
| Simple Western™ | 1:10 - 1:50 |
Storage
Specificity / Sensitivity
Species Reactivity:
Human, Mouse, Rat, Monkey
Source / Purification
Polyclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with a synthetic peptide corresponding to a region surrounding Pro302 of human c-Raf. Antibodies are purified by protein A and peptide affinity chromatography.
Background
A-Raf, B-Raf, and c-Raf (Raf-1) are the main effectors recruited by GTP-bound Ras to activate the MEK-MAP kinase pathway (1). Activation of c-Raf is the best understood and involves phosphorylation at multiple activating sites, including Ser338, Tyr341, Thr491, Ser494, Ser497, and Ser499 (2). p21-activated kinase (PAK) has been shown to phosphorylate c-Raf at Ser338, and the Src family phosphorylates Tyr341 to induce c-Raf activity (3,4). Ser338 of c-Raf corresponds to similar sites in A-Raf (Ser299) and B-Raf (Ser445), although this site is constitutively phosphorylated in B-Raf (5). Inhibitory 14-3-3 binding sites on c-Raf (Ser259 and Ser621) can be phosphorylated by Akt and AMPK, respectively (6,7). While A-Raf, B-Raf, and c-Raf are similar in sequence and function, differential regulation has been observed (8). Of particular interest, B-Raf contains three consensus Akt phosphorylation sites (Ser364, Ser428, and Thr439) and lacks a site equivalent to Tyr341 of c-Raf (8,9). Research studies have shown that the B-Raf mutation V600E results in elevated kinase activity and is commonly found in malignant melanoma (10). Six residues of c-Raf (Ser29, Ser43, Ser289, Ser296, Ser301, and Ser642) become hyperphosphorylated in a manner consistent with c-Raf inactivation. The hyperphosphorylation of these six sites is dependent on downstream MEK signaling and renders c-Raf unresponsive to subsequent activation events (11).
- Avruch, J. et al. (1994) Trends Biochem Sci 19, 279-83.
- Chong, H. et al. (2001) EMBO J 20, 3716-27.
- King, A.J. et al. (1998) Nature 396, 180-3.
- Fabian, J.R. et al. (1993) Mol Cell Biol 13, 7170-9.
- Mason, C.S. et al. (1999) EMBO J 18, 2137-48.
- Zimmermann, S. and Moelling, K. (1999) Science 286, 1741-4.
- Sprenkle, A.B. et al. (1997) FEBS Lett 403, 254-8.
- Marais, R. et al. (1997) J Biol Chem 272, 4378-83.
- Guan, K.L. et al. (2000) J Biol Chem 275, 27354-9.
- Davies, H. et al. (2002) Nature 417, 949-54.
- Dougherty, M.K. et al. (2005) Mol Cell 17, 215-24.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Western Blot Buffer
IMPORTANT: For western blots, incubate membrane with diluted primary antibody in 5% w/v BSA, 1X TBS, 0.1% Tween® 20 at 4°C with gentle shaking, overnight.
Applications Key
WB: Western Blotting W-S: Simple Western™
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
限制使用
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