Product Information
Product Usage Information
Boil for 3 minutes prior to use. Load 10 µl of untreated and etoposide treated Jurkat Apoptosis Control Cell Extracts (etoposide) per lane.
Storage
Store at –20°C, or at –80°C for long-term storage.
Product Description
Apoptosis Cell Extracts (Jurkat + Etoposide): Total cell extracts from Jurkat cells treated with 25 μM etoposide for 5 hours serve as a positive control for activated apoptotic cascades. Etoposide treatment induces proteolytic cleavage of various apoptosis-related proteins including caspases, IAP, and PARP. Supplied in SDS Sample Buffer.
Background
Apoptosis is a regulated physiological process leading to cell death. Caspases, a family of cysteine acid proteases, are central regulators of apoptosis. Initiator caspases (including 8, 9, 10, and 12) are closely coupled to proapoptotic signals. Once activated, these caspases cleave and activate downstream effector caspases (including 3, 6, and 7), which in turn cleave cytoskeletal and nuclear proteins like PARP, α-fodrin, DFF, and lamin A and induce apoptosis. Cytochrome c released from mitochondria is coupled to the activation of caspase-9, a key initiator caspase (1). Proapoptotic stimuli include FasL, TNF-α, DNA damage and ER stress. Fas and TNFR activate caspase-8 and -10 (2), DNA damage leads to the activation of caspase-9 and ER stress leads to the calcium-mediated activation of caspase-12 (3). The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family includes XIAP and survivin and functions by binding and inhibiting several caspases (4,5). Smac/Diablo, a mitochondrial protein, is released into the cytosol upon mitochondrial stress and competes with caspases for binding of IAPs. The interaction of Smac/Diablo with IAPs relieves the inhibitory effects of IAPs on caspases (6).
- Baker, S.J. and Reddy, E.P. (1998) Oncogene 17, 3261-3270.
- Budihardjo, I. et al. (1999) Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 15, 269-290.
- Nakagawa, T. et al. (2000) Nature 403, 98-103.
- Deveraux, Q. L. et al. (1998) EMBO J. 17, 2215-2223.
- Li, F. et al. (1998) Nature 396, 580-584.
- Du, C. et al. (2000) Cell 102, 33-42.
Species Reactivity
Species reactivity is determined by testing in at least one approved application (e.g., western blot).
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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