FastScan^™ Citrullinated Histone H3 (Arg17) ELISA Kit

The FastScan™ Citrullinated Histone H3 (Arg17) ELISA Kit detects endogenous levels of histone H3 when citrullinated at Arg17, as shown in Figure 1. This kit may also recognize histone H3 citrullinated at residue Arg26. This kit detects proteins from the indicated species, as determined through in-house testing, but may also detect homologous proteins from other species.

The nucleosome, made up of four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4), is the primary building block of chromatin. Histone post-translational modifications, such as methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and citrullination, influence chromatin accessibility and regulate gene expression (1). Histone citrullination is carried out by protein arginine deiminases (PADs), which convert positively charged arginine residues into neutral citrulline (2). Histone citrullination affects the binding of histone reader proteins to chromatin, and it is associated with both transcriptional activation and repression (3-5). Histone citrullination is also a major marker for NETosis, which is a programmed cell death mechanism carried out by neutrophils (6). Deregulation of NETosis is associated with multiple autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus (7,8). Histone hypercitrullination via PAD4 may also play a role in the progression of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), lung cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (9-12).