5
#P01135
7039
Background
TGF-α is a member of the EGF family of proteins and is expressed by epithelial cells, keratinocytes, macrophages, and many tumor-derived cell lines (1-4). Soluble TGF-α is produced by proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane precursor (5). TGF-α promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of a diverse array of cell types including cancer and neural cells (1,4,6). TGF-α binds to EGFR/ErbB1 and induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine kinase activation (7). TGF-α activates the MAPK pathways and involves Stat3 and Stat5 (1,6). Increased levels of TGF-α expression are associated with many cancers including breast cancer (1,8,9).
- Humphreys, R.C. and Hennighausen, L. (2000) Oncogene 19, 1085-91.
- Rappolee, D.A. et al. (1988) Science 241, 708-12.
- Xu, X. et al. (1999) Oncogene 18, 5554-62.
- Ciana, P. et al. (2003) J Biol Chem 278, 31737-44.
- Higashiyama, S. et al. (2008) Cancer Sci 99, 214-20.
- Song, J.I. and Grandis, J.R. (2000) Oncogene 19, 2489-95.
- Citri, A. and Yarden, Y. (2006) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 7, 505-16.
- Révillion, F. et al. (2008) Ann Oncol 19, 73-80.
- Masago, K. et al. (2008) Cancer Sci 99, 2295-301.
Endotoxin
Less than 0.01 ng endotoxin/1 μg hTGF-α.
Purity
>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE of 6 μg reduced (+) and non-reduced (-) recombinant hTGF-α. All lots are greater than 98% pure.
Source / Purification
Recombinant human TGF-α (hTGF-α) Val40-Ala89 (Accession #NP_003227) was produced in E. coli at Cell Signaling Technology.
Bioactivity
The bioactivity of recombinant hTGF-α was determined in a MCF-10A cell proliferation assay. The ED50 of each lot is between 0.25-1.0 ng/ml.
Background
TGF-α is a member of the EGF family of proteins and is expressed by epithelial cells, keratinocytes, macrophages, and many tumor-derived cell lines (1-4). Soluble TGF-α is produced by proteolytic cleavage of a transmembrane precursor (5). TGF-α promotes cell proliferation and differentiation of a diverse array of cell types including cancer and neural cells (1,4,6). TGF-α binds to EGFR/ErbB1 and induces receptor dimerization and tyrosine kinase activation (7). TGF-α activates the MAPK pathways and involves Stat3 and Stat5 (1,6). Increased levels of TGF-α expression are associated with many cancers including breast cancer (1,8,9).
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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