13 and 40
#P01137
7040
Background
Latent TGF-β1 is a complex of two proteins, latency associated protein (LAP) and TGF-β1, which is derived from cleavage of a common 75 kDa precursor protein (1). The LAP protein spatially and temporally regulates TGF-β1 activity by sequestering TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix in conjunction with latent TGF-β1 binding proteins (LTBP)(1). The release of TGF-β1 is activated by a number of stimuli including proteases, thrombospondin-1, reactive oxygen species, and some integrins (1). Active TGF-β1 binds to TβRII homodimer, which then complexes with TβRI homodimer (2,3). The oligomeric receptor complex phosphorylates subsets of the Smad proteins that then act to induce or repress a number of target genes (3-5). TGF-β1 binding can also activate the Erk2, p38, and Jnk pathways via TAK1 (5). Active TGF-β1 activities include proliferation, angiogenesis, and promotion or inhibition of many immune events (2,4,5). Latent TGF-β1 is present on the surface of regulatory T cells in association with GARP and may contribute directly to their immunosuppressive activity (6,7).
- Annes, J.P. et al. (2003) J Cell Sci 116, 217-24.
- Bierie, B. and Moses, H.L. (2006) Nat Rev Cancer 6, 506-20.
- Moustakas, A. and Heldin, C.H. (2009) Development 136, 3699-714.
- Siegel, P.M. and Massagué, J. (2003) Nat Rev Cancer 3, 807-21.
- Tian, M. and Schiemann, W.P. (2009) Future Oncol 5, 259-71.
- Tran, D.Q. et al. (2009) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 13445-50.
- Stockis, J. et al. (2009) Eur J Immunol 39, 3315-22.
Endotoxin
Less than 0.01 ng endotoxin/1 μg hLatent TGF-β1.
Purity
>98% as determined by SDS-PAGE of 6 μg reduced (+) and non-reduced (-) recombinant hLatent TGF-β1. All lots are greater than 98% pure.
Source / Purification
Recombinant human latent TGF-β1 (hLatent TGF-β1) Leu30-Ser390 (Accession #P01137) was expressed in human 293 cells at Cell Signaling Technology.
Bioactivity
The bioactivity of recombinant hLatent TGF-β1 was determined by assessing inhibition of IL-4 induced HT-2 cell proliferation. The ED50 of each lot is between 0.2- 10 ng/ml after acid activation.
Background
Latent TGF-β1 is a complex of two proteins, latency associated protein (LAP) and TGF-β1, which is derived from cleavage of a common 75 kDa precursor protein (1). The LAP protein spatially and temporally regulates TGF-β1 activity by sequestering TGF-β1 in the extracellular matrix in conjunction with latent TGF-β1 binding proteins (LTBP)(1). The release of TGF-β1 is activated by a number of stimuli including proteases, thrombospondin-1, reactive oxygen species, and some integrins (1). Active TGF-β1 binds to TβRII homodimer, which then complexes with TβRI homodimer (2,3). The oligomeric receptor complex phosphorylates subsets of the Smad proteins that then act to induce or repress a number of target genes (3-5). TGF-β1 binding can also activate the Erk2, p38, and Jnk pathways via TAK1 (5). Active TGF-β1 activities include proliferation, angiogenesis, and promotion or inhibition of many immune events (2,4,5). Latent TGF-β1 is present on the surface of regulatory T cells in association with GARP and may contribute directly to their immunosuppressive activity (6,7).
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
限制使用
除非 CST 的合法授书代表以书面形式书行明确同意，否书以下条款适用于 CST、其关书方或分书商提供的书品。 任何书充本条款或与本条款不同的客书条款和条件，除非书 CST 的合法授书代表以书面形式书独接受， 否书均被拒书，并且无效。
专品专有“专供研究使用”的专专或专似的专专声明， 且未专得美国食品和专品管理局或其他外国或国内专管机专专专任何用途的批准、准专或专可。客专不得将任何专品用于任何专断或治专目的， 或以任何不符合专专声明的方式使用专品。CST 专售或专可的专品提供专作专最专用专的客专，且专用于研专用途。将专品用于专断、专防或治专目的， 或专专售（专独或作专专成）或其他商专目的而专专专品，均需要 CST 的专独专可。客专：(a) 不得专独或与其他材料专合向任何第三方出售、专可、 出借、捐专或以其他方式专专或提供任何专品，或使用专品制造任何商专专品，(b) 不得复制、修改、逆向工程、反专专、 反专专专品或以其他方式专专专专专品的基专专专或技专，或使用专品开专任何与 CST 的专品或服专专争的专品或服专， (c) 不得更改或专除专品上的任何商专、商品名称、徽专、专利或版专声明或专专，(d) 只能根据 CST 的专品专售条款和任何适用文档使用专品， (e) 专遵守客专与专品一起使用的任何第三方专品或服专的任何专可、服专条款或专似专专
