Background
Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal metabolite demonstrated to reversibly interfere with anterograde transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (1,2). While initially isolated as an antibiotic (3), and does have a wide range of antibiotic activity, it is primarily used as a biological research tool for studying protein transport. Treatment leads to a rapid accumulation of proteins within the ER and collapse of the Golgi stacks. Treatment with BFA can also inhibit protein secretion (4) and prolonged exposure can induce apoptosis (5). The main target of BFA appears to be ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), which is responsible for association of coat protein to the Golgi membrane (6,7).
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- Pelham, H.R. (1991) Cell 67, 449-51.
- Tamura, G. et al. (1968) J Antibiot (Tokyo) 21, 160-1.
- Misumi, Y. et al. (1986) J Biol Chem 261, 11398-403.
- Shao, R.G. et al. (1996) Exp Cell Res 227, 190-6.
- Helms, J.B. and Rothman, J.E. (1992) Nature 360, 352-4.
- Randazzo, P.A. et al. (1993) J Biol Chem 268, 9555-63.
Molecular Formula
C16H24O4
Molecular Weight
280.36 g/mol
Purity
>99%
CAS
20350-15-6
Solubility
Soluble in DMSO at 100mg/ml and EtOH at 25mg/ml.
Storage
Directions for Use
Brefeldin A is supplied as a 5 mg powder. Store at -20ºC. Brefeldin A is soluble in DMSO (also ethanol and methanol) and stock solutions (typically 10 mg/ml) should be stored at -20ºC. Working concentrations and length of treatment can vary depending on desired effect. Inhibiton of ER to Golgi trafficking was observed as low as 100 ng/ml and apoptosis was observed with prolonged treatment at 10 μg/ml.
Background References
Cross-Reactivity Key
H: human M: mouse R: rat Hm: hamster Mk: monkey Vir: virus Mi: mink C: chicken Dm: D. melanogaster X: Xenopus Z: zebrafish B: bovine Dg: dog Pg: pig Sc: S. cerevisiae Ce: C. elegans Hr: horse GP: Guinea Pig Rab: rabbit All: all species expected
Trademarks and Patents
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