Revision 1

#93195Store at -20C

1 Kit

(8 x 20 microliters)

Cell Signaling Technology

Orders: 877-616-CELL (2355) [email protected]

Support: 877-678-TECH (8324)

Web: [email protected] cellsignal.com

3 Trask LaneDanversMassachusetts01923USA
For Research Use Only. Not for Use in Diagnostic Procedures.
Product Includes Product # Quantity Mol. Wt Isotype/Source
ASC/TMS1 (D2W8U) Rabbit mAb 67824 20 µl 22 kDa Rabbit IgG
HS1 (D5A9) XP® Rabbit mAb 3892 20 µl 80 kDa Rabbit IgG
Cathepsin B (D1C7Y) XP® Rabbit mAb 31718 20 µl 44, 27, 24 kDa Rabbit IgG
HIF-1α (D1S7W) XP® Rabbit mAb 36169 20 µl 120 kDa Rabbit IgG
Hydroxy-HIF-1α (Pro564) (D43B5) XP® Rabbit mAb 3434 20 µl 120 kDa Rabbit IgG
Galectin-3/LGALS3 (D4I2R) XP® Rabbit mAb 87985 20 µl 28 kDa Rabbit IgG
Axl (C89E7) Rabbit mAb 8661 20 µl 138 kDa Rabbit IgG
CD68 (D4B9C) XP® Rabbit mAb 76437 20 µl Rabbit IgG
CD68 MultiMab® Rabbit mAb mix 86985 20 µl 70-80, 130-140 kDa Rabbit IgG
Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody 7074 100 µl Goat 

Please visit cellsignal.com for individual component applications, species cross-reactivity, dilutions, protocols, and additional product information.

Description

The Microglia Neurodegeneration Module Antibody Sampler Kit provides an economical means of detecting proteins identified as markers of microglial activity during neurodegeneration by western blot and/or immunofluorescence.

Storage

Supplied in 10 mM sodium HEPES (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 100 µg/ml BSA, 50% glycerol and less than 0.02% sodium azide. Store at –20°C. Do not aliquot the antibody.

Background

Distinct microglial activation states have been identified using RNA-seq data from a vast array of neurological disease and aging models. These activation states have been categorized into modules corresponding to proliferation, neurodegeneration, interferon-relation, LPS-relation, and many others (1). Previous work identifying markers of specific brain cell types using RNA-seq has shown HS1 and ASC/TMS1 to be useful and specific tools to study microglia (2). HS1 is a protein kinase substrate that is expressed only in tissues and cells of hematopoietic origin (3) and ASC/TMS1 has been found to be a critical component of inflammatory signaling where it associates with and activates caspase-1 in response to pro-inflammatory signals (4).
CD68 is a common marker for macrophage lineage cells; with expression found in the lysosome making it a useful marker for activated phagocytic microglia (5). Galectin-3 has been shown to regulate inflammatory response in neurodegenerative diseases, released by microglia in response to inflammatory stimuli (6). Cathepsin B is a widely expressed cysteine peptidase located in the lysosome as well as processed and secreted, playing a role in microglial-mediated neuronal death (7). Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor responsible for adaptation to low oxygen environments whose downstream effects have been shown in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Under normoxic conditions, HIF-1α is proline hydroxylated leading to ubiquitin mediated degradation (8). Axl is a receptor tyrosine kinase that binds Gas6, stimulating regulatory effects on microglial phagocytic response to inflammatory stimuli (9).

  1. Friedman, B.A. et al. (2018) Cell Rep 22, 832-47.
  2. Zhang, Y. et al. (2014) J Neurosci 34, 11929-47.
  3. Kitamura, D. et al. (1995) Biochem Biophys Res Commun 208, 1137-46.
  4. Srinivasula, S.M. et al. (2002) J Biol Chem 277, 21119-22.
  5. Hopperton, K.E. et al. (2018) Mol Psychiatry 23, 177-98.
  6. Yip, P.K. et al. (2017) Sci Rep 7, 41689.
  7. Gan, L. et al. (2004) J Biol Chem 279, 5565-72.
  8. Zhang, Z. et al. (2011) Curr Med Chem 18, 4335-43.
  9. Grommes, C. et al. (2008) J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 3, 130-40.

Background References

    Trademarks and Patents

    Cell Signaling Technology is a trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    MultiMab is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    XP is a registered trademark of Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
    All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Visit cellsignal.com/trademarks for more information.

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